China is an ancient multinational country, with a long history and brilliant culture. For thousands of years, many abundant forms of traditional performing arts have been formed under the wisdom and industriousness of workers. Each art form has various styles and schools, including opera, puppetry, Chinese shadow, acrobatics, and quyi. Chinese traditional performing arts are important representatives of the national spirit, showing the quintessence of ancient culture, and some of them are registered in the list of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. Opera China's opera, enjoyed incomparable fame, is known as one of the world's three ancient dramatic cultures, the others being Greece's tragicomedy and India's brahman drama. It is an art form of long history, originating from primitive song and dance. With steady development, it has become a complete system in the Song and Jin dynasties. It is composed of literature, music, dance, fine arts, wushu, and acrobatics, nearly 360 kinds. As it evolves and innovates in the long run, the five most distinguished types of operas appear: Beijing opera, Yue opera, Huang Mei opera, Pingju opera, and Yu opera. History of opera In primitive society, original singing and dancing arise in the tribes. In fact, the ancient tradition…

If you like Hanfu, you may have seen all kinds of Hanfu jacket, But maybe you can't tell the difference between Zhiduo (直裰), Daopao (道袍), and Zhishen (直身), because they all look almost the same from the outside, but in fact, there are a lot of differences in the details, so let's get to know the "Zhiduo" today!   [Structure and History of the Hanfu Jacket: Zhiduo] Zhiduo (直裰, also be called 直掇), has several key features: The collar shape is Jiaoling Youren (交领右衽, mean: crossed collars, tying to the right), Can be sewn a Huling (护领, sewn-on the collar area, mostly white and varying in width, to protect the collar from wear and tear and stains. In ancient times, the Huling was easy to dismantle and often replaced. Most of the Huling in contemporary Hanfu costume is preserved as a traditional feature.) on the collar. The making method of Zhiduo: Tongcai (通裁, cut in one piece, no seams on top and bottom). Usually narrow sleeves, but also straight or pipa sleeves. It is knee-length, and the length of the garment and the width of the sleeves vary according to the wearer's needs. The body of the garment is slit…

This article introduces a typical outfit from the late Ming Dynasty, which is around the 16th to 17th century for you. Let's see how to wear Hanfu - the long shirt and Ma Mian skirt suit. The top is a long shirt with a standing collar also known as a Mandarin collar, pairing it with a Ma Mian skirt which translates to horse face skirt, it’s the single most representative skirt of the Ming Dynasty.   The History of Ma Mian Skirt & the Meaning Behind the Name Ma Mian Qun literarily means Horse Face Skirt, but it actually has nothing to do with a horse’s face, the term 'Ma Mian' in ancient China has another meaning, it refers to the defensive structure that projects outward on city walls, which are located at regular intervals. A Ming Dynasty scholar labelled the rectangular area of the skirt Ma Mian because it looks like the structure. And today we call this type of skirt Ma Mian skirt.   Characteristic of Ma Mian Skirt? When the skirt is laid flat, we can see three such structures, we call it Qun Men (裙门) or skirt door today, with another door hiding behind in the…

Today's article introduces a Ming Dynasty style Hanfu suitable for summer, it is a sheer fabric parallel opening Hanfu shirt with a standing collar. Now let’s take a look at the history of this outfit and how to wear it.   History of Sheer Fabric Shirt In ancient China, it was quite common for men to be bare-chested during the summer, but of course, this was not the case for ladies, so they would wear fewer layers and sheer fabrics inside of their homes. You might have seen this particular style of Hanfu been called many different names in Chinese, so let’s first quickly go through these names and their origins. The standing collar was a popular element in women’s fashion during the late Ming Dynasty, so according to the naming conventions of the Ming Dynasty, this style can be described as "竖领对襟纱衫", which translates into sheer fabric parallel opening shirt with standing collar. Ladies commonly wore this inside of their homes or in private areas as it is sheer and informal. During the Qing Dynasty, this style was labeled as Pi Feng (披風), which is a type of outerwear, the materials used became thicker and heavier, making them more…

Aoqun(袄裙), most commonly wore during the Ming Dynasty. Let’s take a look at the individual pieces and how to wear them.   The History of Aoqun The word Aoqun translates into a lined top and skirt, it is one of the earliest and most basic forms of Hanfu. This style was developed as early as The Warring States period (475 BC) as seen on these clay figurines, and it evolved throughout the dynasties. By the mid to late Ming Dynasty, it had become the most commonly-seen design for fall-winter clothing among wealthy families and the royal court. There are also many historical relics available for us to study.   Wear the Skirt of Aoqun Aoqun is outerwear, so people usually wear inner garments made of cotton or linen material underneath. During the Ming Dynasty, women usually wear Mamian skirts or pleated skirts, this one is a one-piece half-pleated skirt with the pleats only on top, and embroideries on the bottom, as well as on the belts. There are usually two types of one-piece skirts, one style you insert the belt through a hole in the middle, the other style uses an extra set of ties. This skirt doesn’t have either…

As winter approaches, more and more Hanfu enthusiasts are focusing their attention on the Ming style Hanfu. Whereas in the Ming style Hanfu costume, the combination of an Ao (袄, jacket) on top and a Qun (裙, skirt) on the bottom is especially popular. Ao has several types of collars, and today we are focusing on the standing collar today, briefly introduce the history and how to wear it.   History of the standing collar  Some of you might recognize the standing collar as the mandarin collar, most people think the standing collar is derived from Qing Dynasty Manchurian dress, also known as the cheongsam or qipao, but it is actually originally invented and passed down from the Ming Dynasty, the dynasty before the Qing Dynasty, it is a part of the hanfu system and was later on adapted into Manchurian dresses, and today it’s widely known in the world as the mandarin collar, and recognized as one of the most distinctive features of Chinese clothing. Do you remember this Ming Dynasty painting? Almost every woman and child are wearing the cross collared Aoqun, showing how popular this style was at that time. However, when we look more closely at…

Every hot summer, many girls will feel that Song-style Hanfu is the first choice for this season, indeed, with the cool and soothing touch of skin, many people will be willing to choose Song-style Hanfu to spend the summer. In fact, in addition to the Song-style Hanfu, the Ming-style Hanfu is also a kind of "Summer Hanfu"! Even in the summer heat, Ming-style Hanfu can still "make a splash"!   The difference between Ming-style Hanfu and Song-style Hanfu Song-style Hanfu: Song Hanfu is the most suitable Hanfu for summer because it is the most simple Hanfu. Due to the background of the Song Dynasty, Song Hanfu are mainly slim and long, with narrow sleeves and cross collars. The "Beizi" and "Song trousers" are the main styles of Hanfu in the Song system. Ming-style Hanfu: In the beginning, the Ming Hanfu has always been regarded as a noblewoman's Hanfu, and because the Ming Hanfu is mostly based on horse-faced skirts, its craft is complicated plus the fabric and silk are expensive, so the price of Ming Hanfu has always been high. The "long jacket" and "short jacket" plus the "horse-faced skirt" also became the main style of Hanfu in the Ming…

The Ming Dynasty, one of the most civic-minded dynasties in China. From the literary works and historical records of the Ming Dynasty in circulation today, it can be seen that the dress culture of the Ming Dynasty also reached a relatively developed level. In traditional Chinese culture, the Chinese Ming Dynasty women's makeup, with a strong emphasis on subtlety and inner cultivation. Come along and enjoy this set of photos about Hanfu girls wear the Ming Dynasty costume.

The style of the Ming Dynasty Hanfu is slender and very suitable for photography.

A series of pictures, about Ming Dynasty clothing.

Today, I want to share the photos taken by Liang Xiaosuan, about the Ming Dynasty men's robe.

August 23 is the "Chu Shu (处暑)" in China's 24 solar terms, "处" is mean: "leave", "暑" is mean that "summer". It means that the heat of summer has passed and the prelude of autumn has slowly opened. Today, I bring you some suggestions on the style of Hanfu. They are suitable for wearing when the weather is slightly cooler. Stand collar ao dress (立领袄裙) The weather starts to cool down, so we need to keep warm in early autumn. Stand collar Ao dress fabric selection is generally moderate thickness, if cold can also be appropriate in the clothes wearing clothes to keep warm. Duijin ruqun (对襟襦裙) In autumn, mountain flowers are romantic and suitable for wearing a pair of Duijin ruqun to go out. And the Duijin ruqun is more convenient to handle, if you go out, the action is also more convenient. Crossed collar ruqun (交领襦裙) The crossed collar ruqun is warmer than the skirt, and you can wear thermal underwear under the jacket. In the cool weather. Vertical collar Cape ( 竖领披风) The vertical collar cape is lighter than the stand collar Ao dress. It can also wear a sling, or warm clothes, if the weather is…

Inner Mongolia boasts a rich culinary heritage, deeply rooted in its nomadic traditions and unique geographical landscape. Here's a curated list of the top 10 must-try dishes that define the region's gastronomic identity, each offering a distinct taste of Mongolian culture and hospitality. 1. **Qingtang Niuwei (Clear Soup Oxtail)** A traditional homestyle dish, Qingtang Niuwei features tender oxtail simmered in a clear, flavorful broth with radish and bamboo shoots. Legend traces its creation to a master chef during the pre-liberation era. The slow-cooked oxtail becomes exceptionally tender, absorbing the essence of chicken stock, ginger, and scallions, resulting in a nutritious and aromatic soup. 2. **Neimeng Kao Quanyang (Inner Mongolian Roast Whole Lamb)** The crown jewel of Mongolian cuisine, this ceremonial dish symbolizes hospitality. A 40 - jin pasture - fed lamb is marinated with scallions, ginger, and spices before being roasted whole until golden. The crispy skin encases succulent meat, offering a perfect balance of textures – a true feast for royalty and special occasions. 3. **Quan Yang Tang (Whole Lamb Soup)** This hearty soup utilizes nearly every part of the lamb (excluding wool). Thinly sliced organs and meat cook briefly in boiling broth, finished with pepper and cilantro. Served…

Anhui cuisine, also known as Hui cuisine, is one of the eight major culinary traditions in China. Known for its use of wild herbs and simple cooking methods, it offers a unique blend of flavors. Below is a list of the top 10 Anhui dishes that have gained popularity among food enthusiasts. 1. Fuliji Roast Chicken (Hui Cuisine) Fuliji Roast Chicken is a traditional dish from Suzhou, Anhui. Originating in the early 20th century, it was officially named in 1951 and later recognized as a national delicacy. The dish is famous for its tender meat, rich aroma, and balanced flavors. 2. Huizhou One - Pot (Hui Cuisine) This winter specialty from Huizhou is a type of hot pot that combines various premium ingredients. Created during the Ming Dynasty, it is often compared to Fujian's Buddha Jumps Over the Wall for its exquisite taste. 3. Honey - Glazed Sweet Potato (Yanhuai Cuisine) A traditional sweet dish from Huaibei, Anhui, this dish features caramelized sweet potatoes with a glossy, translucent appearance. It is a popular choice for banquets due to its delightful taste and simple preparation. 4. Bagongshan Tofu (Hui Cuisine) Originating from Huainan, this tofu is known for its smooth texture…

Yunnan, a province in southwestern China, is renowned for its diverse and flavorful cuisine. Here is a list of the top 10 famous dishes in Yunnan, each with its unique taste and cultural significance. 1. Dali Clay Pot Fish (Dali Shaguo Yu) Category: Yunnan - Guizhou Cuisine Origin: Dali Description: Dali Clay Pot Fish is a local delicacy made with fresh fish from Erhai Lake, cooked in a clay pot from Xiangyun. The dish is rich in flavor, with tender fish meat and a fragrant broth. It is often served on a large plate with leafy greens, creating a colorful and aromatic presentation. 2. Old Kunming Lamb Hotpot (Lao Kunming Yangtang Guo) Category: Yunnan Cuisine Description: This classic Yunnan dish features lamb meat and offal, slow - cooked to perfection. The broth is rich and flavorful, with a spicy and aromatic dipping sauce. The dish is a favorite among locals for its hearty and comforting taste. 3. Dali Raw Pork (Dali Shengpi) Category: Meat Dish Origin: Yunnan Description: Dali Raw Pork is a traditional Bai ethnic dish, made with thinly sliced pork and a variety of dipping sauces. The pork is fresh and tender, with no special smell, and is…

Tibetan cuisine is renowned for its unique flavors and rich cultural heritage. Here’s a curated list of the top 10 must-try dishes from Tibet, each offering a glimpse into the region’s culinary traditions. 1. **Tun Guanchang (Boiled Sausage)** A staple in Tibetan households, this dish features sheep intestines stuffed with a mix of blood, meat, and barley or bean flour. It’s traditionally prepared during festivals and loved for its distinctive texture and flavor. 2. **Zheng Niushe (Steamed Beef Tongue)** A tender and aromatic delicacy, steamed beef tongue is lightly seasoned to highlight its natural taste. Often served cold or hot, it’s a favorite for its simplicity and rich flavor. 3. **Zha Guanfei (Fried Lung Sausage)** A crispy and savory snack made from sheep lungs, butter, and flour. Its origins trace back centuries, and it remains a popular street food in Lhasa. 4. **Suancai Miankuai (Sour Vegetable Noodles)** A comforting dinner dish combining homemade sour vegetables, hand-pulled noodles, and local dried meat or yak beef. The tangy, spicy broth is both hearty and refreshing. 5. **Gangba Kao Quanyang (Gangba Roast Whole Lamb)** A celebratory dish, this roast lamb is marinated with local spices and slow-cooked to perfection. The meat is juicy…

Guangxi, the only coastal minority autonomous region in China, boasts numerous well - preserved ancient towns that are witnesses to the region's rich history and culture. Here's a list of the top 10 most beautiful ancient towns in Guangxi that you shouldn't miss. 1. Danzhou Ancient Town (Liuzhou) Danzhou Ancient Town, established during the Ming Dynasty over 400 years ago, is a unique floating town accessible only by ferry. Its crystal - clear waters, lush vegetation, and serene atmosphere make it a perfect escape from urban life. 2. Naliang Ancient Town (Fangchenggang) Naliang Ancient Town is renowned for its well - preserved historical architecture, including four ancient streets. The town's Hakka culture and riverside bamboo buildings add to its charm. 3. Daxu Ancient Town (Guilin) With a history dating back to the Northern Song Dynasty, Daxu Ancient Town is famous for its riverside architecture, ancient streets, and picturesque scenery. 4. Luxu Ancient Town (Nanning) Luxu Ancient Town is a blend of history, culture, and cuisine, featuring ancient buildings and temples that showcase its rich heritage. 5. Xing'an Ancient Town (Guilin) Xing'an Ancient Town combines Qin and Han cultures with Central Plains and Lingnan cultures. Its ancient bridges and riverside architecture…

The horse-face skirt (mamianqun), with its distinctive overlapping panels and intricate pleats, stands as a timeless symbol of Chinese fashion ingenuity. For nearly a millennium, this garment evolved alongside dynastic shifts, social norms, and artistic innovations. Today, it’s experiencing a global renaissance, embraced by Hanfu enthusiasts and haute couture designers alike. In this article, we unravel its remarkable journey from the Song Dynasty’s utilitarian xuanqun to the Qing Dynasty’s lavish pleated masterpieces. 1. Song Dynasty Origins: The Birth of the Xuanqun (10th–13th Century) The horse-face skirt’s story begins in the Song Dynasty (960–1279), an era marked by economic prosperity and technological advancements in textile production. Practical Design for Active Lifestyles The early prototype, called xuanqun (旋裙, “rotating skirt”), featured a two-panel split design that allowed freedom of movement. Unlike later elaborate versions, it prioritized functionality: Worn by working-class women for tasks like horseback riding and farming. Lightweight fabrics like silk gauze ensured breathability. Minimal pleating focused on ease of movement rather than decoration. Archaeological Evidence A pivotal discovery came from Huang Sheng’s Tomb (Fuzhou, 1243 CE), where a well-preserved xuanqun was unearthed: Made of sheer silk with simple knife pleats. Waistband secured with fabric ties, lacking the overlapping panels of later designs. 2. Ming Dynasty Standardization (14th–17th Century) The Ming Dynasty (1368–1644) transformed the xuanqun into…

Across the globe, gemstones are often valued for their beauty and rarity. However, in Chinese culture, certain gemstones hold an additional layer of significance, deeply rooted in the philosophy of the Five Elements. These elements – Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, and Water – are fundamental to understanding Chinese cosmology and traditions. This article will explore the unique significance of the five gemstones associated with these elements. The Five Elements and Their Corresponding Gemstones The Wu Xing theory represents a complex web of relationships where elements generate and control one another in specific sequences. Each element corresponds to particular gemstones that channel its distinctive qualities and energies. These associations weren't arbitrary but developed through centuries of observation regarding the stones' physical properties, colors, and perceived energetic effects. 1. Wood Element and Green Stone In Chinese tradition, the Wood element symbolizes growth, vitality, and renewal, much like the energy of spring. It represents expansion, flexibility, and resilience, making it essential for fostering new beginnings. Green jade is the most revered gemstone associated with this element, often called the "stone of heaven." More valuable than gold in ancient China, jade’s smooth and durable nature embodies the Wood element’s strength and adaptability. It is…