In various Chinese historical dramas such as Jiuchong Zi, Jinnang Miaolu, Futu Yuan, and Canghai Zhuan, actors like Xiao Zhan, Li Yunrui, Wang Hedi, and Zhai Zilu are often seen wearing what appears to be stockings or fishnets on their heads. However, these are not stockings but a traditional headgear known as Wangjin (网巾), a net-like accessory used by adult men in the Ming Dynasty to tie and gather loose hair.
Practical Uses of Wangjin
Wangjin was primarily used to keep hair in place and prevent hats from slipping. It was a practical accessory for daily life, especially among commoners who wore it without additional head coverings. For those of higher social status, Wangjin was often worn under formal hats during important occasions.
The popularity of Wangjin can be traced back to Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang of the Ming Dynasty. According to historical records, Zhu Yuanzhang once visited a Taoist temple in casual attire and observed a priest weaving Wangjin under lamplight. Intrigued, he inquired about its purpose and later issued a decree mandating its use across the empire, regardless of social status.
Wangjin typically featured a top drawstring called Wangdai (网带), tied at the crown, and small strings at the bottom edges secured with jade or metal rings. It was woven from black threads, horsehair, or silk, and sometimes even human hair. By the late Ming Dynasty, a simplified version known as Lanshou Wangjin (懒收网巾) emerged, which omitted the top drawstring for ease of removal.
Similar headgear existed in the Tang Dynasty, such as the Toueluo (透额罗) worn by women for cross-dressing purposes. Despite its Chinese origins, Wangjin is often mistaken for Korean or Vietnamese adaptations. Understanding its history helps dispel myths like the stocking misconception.
