How did the Hanfu change per dynasties?

The Hanfu worn in different dynasties, though similar, ranged in its own characteristics based on the dynasty. The article I am writing will hopefully help you understand the similarities and differences between clothing and hanfu throughout the timeline of dynasties. I will also show you how it has changed compared to modern hanfu.

  1. Xia (Hsia) Dynasty ca. 2100-1600 BCE
  2. Shang Dynasty ca. 1600-1050 BCE
  3. Zhou (Chou, pronounced "Joe") Dynasty
  4. 3.1 Western Zhou (ca. 1046-771 BCE)

3.2 Eastern Zhou (ca. 771-256 BCE)

Spring and Autumn Period (770-ca 475 BCE)
Confucius (ca. 551-479 BCE)
Warring States Period (ca. 475-221 BCE)
221-206 BCE

Qin (Ch'in, pronounced "chin") Dynasty/

Capital: Chang'an, present-day Xian
Qin Shihuangdi dies, 210 BCE
206 BCE-220 CE

Han Dynasty

Western/Former Han (206 BCE-9 CE)

Capital: Chang'an (present-day Xian)
Confucianism officially established as basis for Chinese state by Han Wudi (r. 141-86 BCE)

Eastern/Later Han (25-220 CE)

Capital: Luoyang
220-589 CE

Six Dynasties Period
Three Kingdoms (220-265 CE)
Jin Dynasty (265-420 CE)
Period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties (386-589 CE)

Period of disunity and instability following the fall of the Han; Buddhism introduced to China
Cao Wei, Shu Han, Dong Wu
581-618 CE

Sui (pronounced "sway") Dynasty

Capital: Chang'an (present-day Xian)
618-906 CE

Tang Dynasty

Capitals: Chang'an (present-day Xian) and Luoyang
907-960 CE

Five Dynasties Period

960-1279

Song (Sung) Dynasty

Northern Song (960-1127)

Capital: Bianjing (present-day Kaifeng)

Southern Song (1127-1279)

Capital: (present-day Hangzhou)
1279-1368

Yuan Dynasty

The reign of the Mongol empire; Capital: Dadu (present-day Beijing)
1368-1644

Ming Dynasty

Re-establishment of rule by Han ruling house; Capitals: Nanjing and Beijing
1644-1912

Qing (Ch'ing) Dynasty

Reign of the Manchus; Capital: Beijing
1912-1949

Republic Period

Capitals: Beijing, Wuhan, and Nanjing
1949-present

People's Republic of China

Capital: Beijing
Prepared by Dr. Amy Vladeck Heinrich, Director, C.V. Starr East Asian Library, Columbia University, for the Columbia University Project on Asia in the Core Curriculum.

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